nixos/switch-to-configuration: Improve socket support

This commit changes a lot more that you'd expect but it also adds a lot
of new testing code so nothing breaks in the future. The main change is
that sockets are now restarted when they change. The main reason for
the large amount of changes is the ability of activation scripts to
restart/reload units. This also works for socket-activated units now,
and honors reloadIfChanged and restartIfChanged. The two changes don't
really work without each other so they are done in the one large commit.

The test should show what works now and ensure it will continue to do so
in the future.
main
Janne Heß 3 years ago
parent 744162ffb6
commit cfad5e3403
No known key found for this signature in database
GPG Key ID: 69165158F05265DF
  1. 9
      nixos/doc/manual/from_md/release-notes/rl-2111.section.xml
  2. 2
      nixos/doc/manual/release-notes/rl-2111.section.md
  3. 241
      nixos/modules/system/activation/switch-to-configuration.pl
  4. 235
      nixos/tests/switch-test.nix

@ -1554,6 +1554,15 @@ Superuser created successfully.
encapsulation.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Changing systemd <literal>.socket</literal> units now restarts
them and stops the service that is activated by them.
Additionally, services with
<literal>stopOnChange = false</literal> don’t break anymore
when they are socket-activated.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</section>
</section>

@ -449,3 +449,5 @@ In addition to numerous new and upgraded packages, this release has the followin
- The `networking` module has a new `networking.fooOverUDP` option to configure Foo-over-UDP encapsulations.
- `networking.sits` now supports Foo-over-UDP encapsulation.
- Changing systemd `.socket` units now restarts them and stops the service that is activated by them. Additionally, services with `stopOnChange = false` don't break anymore when they are socket-activated.

@ -19,11 +19,14 @@ my $startListFile = "/run/nixos/start-list";
my $restartListFile = "/run/nixos/restart-list";
my $reloadListFile = "/run/nixos/reload-list";
# Parse restart/reload requests by the activation script
# Parse restart/reload requests by the activation script.
# Activation scripts may write newline-separated units to this
# file and switch-to-configuration will handle them. While
# `stopIfChanged = true` is ignored, switch-to-configuration will
# handle `restartIfChanged = false` and `reloadIfChanged = true`.
# This also works for socket-activated units.
my $restartByActivationFile = "/run/nixos/activation-restart-list";
my $reloadByActivationFile = "/run/nixos/activation-reload-list";
my $dryRestartByActivationFile = "/run/nixos/dry-activation-restart-list";
my $dryReloadByActivationFile = "/run/nixos/dry-activation-reload-list";
make_path("/run/nixos", { mode => oct(755) });
@ -147,6 +150,87 @@ sub fingerprintUnit {
return abs_path($s) . (-f "${s}.d/overrides.conf" ? " " . abs_path "${s}.d/overrides.conf" : "");
}
sub handleModifiedUnit {
my ($unit, $baseName, $newUnitFile, $activePrev, $unitsToStop, $unitsToStart, $unitsToReload, $unitsToRestart, $unitsToSkip) = @_;
if ($unit eq "sysinit.target" || $unit eq "basic.target" || $unit eq "multi-user.target" || $unit eq "graphical.target") {
# Do nothing. These cannot be restarted directly.
# Slices and Paths don't have to be restarted since
# properties (resource limits and inotify watches)
# seem to get applied on daemon-reload.
} elsif ($unit =~ /\.mount$/) {
# Reload the changed mount unit to force a remount.
$unitsToReload->{$unit} = 1;
recordUnit($reloadListFile, $unit);
} elsif ($unit =~ /\.slice$/ || $unit =~ /\.path$/) {
# FIXME: do something?
} else {
my $unitInfo = parseUnit($newUnitFile);
if (boolIsTrue($unitInfo->{'X-ReloadIfChanged'} // "no")) {
$unitsToReload->{$unit} = 1;
recordUnit($reloadListFile, $unit);
}
elsif (!boolIsTrue($unitInfo->{'X-RestartIfChanged'} // "yes") || boolIsTrue($unitInfo->{'RefuseManualStop'} // "no") || boolIsTrue($unitInfo->{'X-OnlyManualStart'} // "no")) {
$unitsToSkip->{$unit} = 1;
} else {
# If this unit is socket-activated, then stop it instead
# of restarting it to make sure the new version of it is
# socket-activated.
my $socketActivated = 0;
if ($unit =~ /\.service$/) {
my @sockets = split / /, ($unitInfo->{Sockets} // "");
if (scalar @sockets == 0) {
@sockets = ("$baseName.socket");
}
foreach my $socket (@sockets) {
if (defined $activePrev->{$socket}) {
# Only restart sockets that actually
# exist in new configuration
if (-e "$out/etc/systemd/system/$socket") {
$socketActivated = 1;
$unitsToStop->{$unit} = 1;
}
}
}
}
# Don't do the rest of this for socket-activated units
# because we handled these above where we stop the unit.
# Since only services can be socket-activated, the
# following condition always evaluates to `true` for
# non-service units.
if (!$socketActivated) {
# If we are restarting a socket, also stop the corresponding
# service. This is required because restarting a socket
# when the service is already activated fails.
if ($unit =~ /\.socket$/) {
my $service = $unitInfo->{Service} // "";
if ($service eq "") {
$service = "$baseName.service";
}
if (defined $activePrev->{$service}) {
$unitsToStop->{$service} = 1;
}
$unitsToRestart->{$unit} = 1;
recordUnit($restartListFile, $unit);
} else {
if (!boolIsTrue($unitInfo->{'X-StopIfChanged'} // "yes")) {
# This unit should be restarted instead of
# stopped and started.
$unitsToRestart->{$unit} = 1;
recordUnit($restartListFile, $unit);
} else {
# We write to a file to ensure that the
# service gets restarted if we're interrupted.
$unitsToStart->{$unit} = 1;
recordUnit($startListFile, $unit);
$unitsToStop->{$unit} = 1;
}
}
}
}
}
}
# Figure out what units need to be stopped, started, restarted or reloaded.
my (%unitsToStop, %unitsToSkip, %unitsToStart, %unitsToRestart, %unitsToReload);
@ -219,65 +303,7 @@ while (my ($unit, $state) = each %{$activePrev}) {
}
elsif (fingerprintUnit($prevUnitFile) ne fingerprintUnit($newUnitFile)) {
if ($unit eq "sysinit.target" || $unit eq "basic.target" || $unit eq "multi-user.target" || $unit eq "graphical.target") {
# Do nothing. These cannot be restarted directly.
} elsif ($unit =~ /\.mount$/) {
# Reload the changed mount unit to force a remount.
$unitsToReload{$unit} = 1;
recordUnit($reloadListFile, $unit);
} elsif ($unit =~ /\.socket$/ || $unit =~ /\.path$/ || $unit =~ /\.slice$/) {
# FIXME: do something?
} else {
my $unitInfo = parseUnit($newUnitFile);
if (boolIsTrue($unitInfo->{'X-ReloadIfChanged'} // "no")) {
$unitsToReload{$unit} = 1;
recordUnit($reloadListFile, $unit);
}
elsif (!boolIsTrue($unitInfo->{'X-RestartIfChanged'} // "yes") || boolIsTrue($unitInfo->{'RefuseManualStop'} // "no") || boolIsTrue($unitInfo->{'X-OnlyManualStart'} // "no")) {
$unitsToSkip{$unit} = 1;
} else {
if (!boolIsTrue($unitInfo->{'X-StopIfChanged'} // "yes")) {
# This unit should be restarted instead of
# stopped and started.
$unitsToRestart{$unit} = 1;
recordUnit($restartListFile, $unit);
} else {
# If this unit is socket-activated, then stop the
# socket unit(s) as well, and restart the
# socket(s) instead of the service.
my $socketActivated = 0;
if ($unit =~ /\.service$/) {
my @sockets = split / /, ($unitInfo->{Sockets} // "");
if (scalar @sockets == 0) {
@sockets = ("$baseName.socket");
}
foreach my $socket (@sockets) {
if (defined $activePrev->{$socket}) {
$unitsToStop{$socket} = 1;
# Only restart sockets that actually
# exist in new configuration:
if (-e "$out/etc/systemd/system/$socket") {
$unitsToStart{$socket} = 1;
recordUnit($startListFile, $socket);
$socketActivated = 1;
}
}
}
}
# If the unit is not socket-activated, record
# that this unit needs to be started below.
# We write this to a file to ensure that the
# service gets restarted if we're interrupted.
if (!$socketActivated) {
$unitsToStart{$unit} = 1;
recordUnit($startListFile, $unit);
}
$unitsToStop{$unit} = 1;
}
}
}
handleModifiedUnit($unit, $baseName, $newUnitFile, $activePrev, \%unitsToStop, \%unitsToStart, \%unitsToReload, \%unitsToRestart, %unitsToSkip);
}
}
}
@ -362,8 +388,6 @@ sub filterUnits {
}
my @unitsToStopFiltered = filterUnits(\%unitsToStop);
my @unitsToStartFiltered = filterUnits(\%unitsToStart);
# Show dry-run actions.
if ($action eq "dry-activate") {
@ -375,21 +399,45 @@ if ($action eq "dry-activate") {
print STDERR "would activate the configuration...\n";
system("$out/dry-activate", "$out");
$unitsToRestart{$_} = 1 foreach
split('\n', read_file($dryRestartByActivationFile, err_mode => 'quiet') // "");
# Handle the activation script requesting the restart or reload of a unit.
my %unitsToAlsoStop;
my %unitsToAlsoSkip;
foreach (split('\n', read_file($dryRestartByActivationFile, err_mode => 'quiet') // "")) {
my $unit = $_;
my $baseUnit = $unit;
my $newUnitFile = "$out/etc/systemd/system/$baseUnit";
# Detect template instances.
if (!-e $newUnitFile && $unit =~ /^(.*)@[^\.]*\.(.*)$/) {
$baseUnit = "$1\@.$2";
$newUnitFile = "$out/etc/systemd/system/$baseUnit";
}
$unitsToReload{$_} = 1 foreach
split('\n', read_file($dryReloadByActivationFile, err_mode => 'quiet') // "");
my $baseName = $baseUnit;
$baseName =~ s/\.[a-z]*$//;
handleModifiedUnit($unit, $baseName, $newUnitFile, $activePrev, \%unitsToAlsoStop, \%unitsToStart, \%unitsToReload, \%unitsToRestart, %unitsToAlsoSkip);
}
unlink($dryRestartByActivationFile);
my @unitsToAlsoStopFiltered = filterUnits(\%unitsToAlsoStop);
if (scalar(keys %unitsToAlsoStop) > 0) {
print STDERR "would stop the following units as well: ", join(", ", @unitsToAlsoStopFiltered), "\n"
if scalar @unitsToAlsoStopFiltered;
}
print STDERR "NOT restarting the following changed units as well: ", join(", ", sort(keys %unitsToAlsoSkip)), "\n"
if scalar(keys %unitsToAlsoSkip) > 0;
print STDERR "would restart systemd\n" if $restartSystemd;
print STDERR "would restart the following units: ", join(", ", sort(keys %unitsToRestart)), "\n"
if scalar(keys %unitsToRestart) > 0;
my @unitsToStartFiltered = filterUnits(\%unitsToStart);
print STDERR "would start the following units: ", join(", ", @unitsToStartFiltered), "\n"
if scalar @unitsToStartFiltered;
print STDERR "would reload the following units: ", join(", ", sort(keys %unitsToReload)), "\n"
if scalar(keys %unitsToReload) > 0;
unlink($dryRestartByActivationFile);
unlink($dryReloadByActivationFile);
exit 0;
}
@ -414,12 +462,38 @@ system("$out/activate", "$out") == 0 or $res = 2;
# Handle the activation script requesting the restart or reload of a unit.
# We can only restart and reload (not stop/start) because the units to be
# stopped are already stopped before the activation script is run.
$unitsToRestart{$_} = 1 foreach
split('\n', read_file($restartByActivationFile, err_mode => 'quiet') // "");
# stopped are already stopped before the activation script is run. We do however
# make an exception for services that are socket-activated and that have to be stopped
# instead of being restarted.
my %unitsToAlsoStop;
my %unitsToAlsoSkip;
foreach (split('\n', read_file($restartByActivationFile, err_mode => 'quiet') // "")) {
my $unit = $_;
my $baseUnit = $unit;
my $newUnitFile = "$out/etc/systemd/system/$baseUnit";
$unitsToReload{$_} = 1 foreach
split('\n', read_file($reloadByActivationFile, err_mode => 'quiet') // "");
# Detect template instances.
if (!-e $newUnitFile && $unit =~ /^(.*)@[^\.]*\.(.*)$/) {
$baseUnit = "$1\@.$2";
$newUnitFile = "$out/etc/systemd/system/$baseUnit";
}
my $baseName = $baseUnit;
$baseName =~ s/\.[a-z]*$//;
handleModifiedUnit($unit, $baseName, $newUnitFile, $activePrev, \%unitsToAlsoStop, \%unitsToStart, \%unitsToReload, \%unitsToRestart, %unitsToAlsoSkip);
}
unlink($restartByActivationFile);
my @unitsToAlsoStopFiltered = filterUnits(\%unitsToAlsoStop);
if (scalar(keys %unitsToAlsoStop) > 0) {
print STDERR "stopping the following units as well: ", join(", ", @unitsToAlsoStopFiltered), "\n"
if scalar @unitsToAlsoStopFiltered;
system("$curSystemd/systemctl", "stop", "--", sort(keys %unitsToAlsoStop));
}
print STDERR "NOT restarting the following changed units as well: ", join(", ", sort(keys %unitsToAlsoSkip)), "\n"
if scalar(keys %unitsToAlsoSkip) > 0;
# Restart systemd if necessary. Note that this is done using the
# current version of systemd, just in case the new one has trouble
@ -460,14 +534,28 @@ if (scalar(keys %unitsToReload) > 0) {
print STDERR "reloading the following units: ", join(", ", sort(keys %unitsToReload)), "\n";
system("@systemd@/bin/systemctl", "reload", "--", sort(keys %unitsToReload)) == 0 or $res = 4;
unlink($reloadListFile);
unlink($reloadByActivationFile);
}
# Restart changed services (those that have to be restarted rather
# than stopped and started).
if (scalar(keys %unitsToRestart) > 0) {
print STDERR "restarting the following units: ", join(", ", sort(keys %unitsToRestart)), "\n";
system("@systemd@/bin/systemctl", "restart", "--", sort(keys %unitsToRestart)) == 0 or $res = 4;
# We split the units to be restarted into sockets and non-sockets.
# This is because restarting sockets may fail which is not bad by
# itself but which will prevent changes on the sockets. We usually
# restart the socket and stop the service before that. Restarting
# the socket will fail however when the service was re-activated
# in the meantime. There is no proper way to prevent that from happening.
my @unitsWithErrorHandling = grep { $_ !~ /\.socket$/ } sort(keys %unitsToRestart);
my @unitsWithoutErrorHandling = grep { $_ =~ /\.socket$/ } sort(keys %unitsToRestart);
if (scalar(@unitsWithErrorHandling) > 0) {
system("@systemd@/bin/systemctl", "restart", "--", @unitsWithErrorHandling) == 0 or $res = 4;
}
if (scalar(@unitsWithoutErrorHandling) > 0) {
system("@systemd@/bin/systemctl", "restart", "--", @unitsWithoutErrorHandling);
}
unlink($restartListFile);
unlink($restartByActivationFile);
}
@ -478,6 +566,7 @@ if (scalar(keys %unitsToRestart) > 0) {
# that are symlinks to other units. We shouldn't start both at the
# same time because we'll get a "Failed to add path to set" error from
# systemd.
my @unitsToStartFiltered = filterUnits(\%unitsToStart);
print STDERR "starting the following units: ", join(", ", @unitsToStartFiltered), "\n"
if scalar @unitsToStartFiltered;
system("@systemd@/bin/systemctl", "start", "--", sort(keys %unitsToStart)) == 0 or $res = 4;

@ -7,15 +7,135 @@ import ./make-test-python.nix ({ pkgs, ...} : {
};
nodes = {
machine = { ... }: {
machine = { config, pkgs, lib, ... }: {
environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.socat ]; # for the socket activation stuff
users.mutableUsers = false;
specialisation = {
# A system with a simple socket-activated unit
simple-socket.configuration = {
systemd.services.socket-activated.serviceConfig = {
ExecStart = pkgs.writeScript "socket-test.py" /* python */ ''
#!${pkgs.python3}/bin/python3
from socketserver import TCPServer, StreamRequestHandler
import socket
class Handler(StreamRequestHandler):
def handle(self):
self.wfile.write("hello".encode("utf-8"))
class Server(TCPServer):
def __init__(self, server_address, handler_cls):
# Invoke base but omit bind/listen steps (performed by systemd activation!)
TCPServer.__init__(
self, server_address, handler_cls, bind_and_activate=False)
# Override socket
self.socket = socket.fromfd(3, self.address_family, self.socket_type)
if __name__ == "__main__":
server = Server(("localhost", 1234), Handler)
server.serve_forever()
'';
};
systemd.sockets.socket-activated = {
wantedBy = [ "sockets.target" ];
listenStreams = [ "/run/test.sock" ];
socketConfig.SocketMode = lib.mkDefault "0777";
};
};
# The same system but the socket is modified
modified-socket.configuration = {
imports = [ config.specialisation.simple-socket.configuration ];
systemd.sockets.socket-activated.socketConfig.SocketMode = "0666";
};
# The same system but the service is modified
modified-service.configuration = {
imports = [ config.specialisation.simple-socket.configuration ];
systemd.services.socket-activated.serviceConfig.X-Test = "test";
};
# The same system but both service and socket are modified
modified-service-and-socket.configuration = {
imports = [ config.specialisation.simple-socket.configuration ];
systemd.services.socket-activated.serviceConfig.X-Test = "some_value";
systemd.sockets.socket-activated.socketConfig.SocketMode = "0444";
};
# A system with a socket-activated service and some simple services
service-and-socket.configuration = {
imports = [ config.specialisation.simple-socket.configuration ];
systemd.services.simple-service = {
wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
serviceConfig = {
Type = "oneshot";
RemainAfterExit = true;
ExecStart = "${pkgs.coreutils}/bin/true";
};
};
systemd.services.simple-restart-service = {
stopIfChanged = false;
wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
serviceConfig = {
Type = "oneshot";
RemainAfterExit = true;
ExecStart = "${pkgs.coreutils}/bin/true";
};
};
systemd.services.simple-reload-service = {
reloadIfChanged = true;
wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
serviceConfig = {
Type = "oneshot";
RemainAfterExit = true;
ExecStart = "${pkgs.coreutils}/bin/true";
ExecReload = "${pkgs.coreutils}/bin/true";
};
};
systemd.services.no-restart-service = {
restartIfChanged = false;
wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
serviceConfig = {
Type = "oneshot";
RemainAfterExit = true;
ExecStart = "${pkgs.coreutils}/bin/true";
};
};
};
restart-and-reload-by-activation-script.configuration = {
imports = [ config.specialisation.service-and-socket.configuration ];
system.activationScripts.restart-and-reload-test = {
supportsDryActivation = true;
deps = [];
text = ''
if [ "$NIXOS_ACTION" = dry-activate ]; then
f=/run/nixos/dry-activation-restart-list
else
f=/run/nixos/activation-restart-list
fi
cat <<EOF >> "$f"
simple-service.service
simple-restart-service.service
simple-reload-service.service
no-restart-service.service
socket-activated.service
EOF
'';
};
};
};
};
other = { ... }: {
users.mutableUsers = true;
};
};
testScript = {nodes, ...}: let
testScript = { nodes, ... }: let
originalSystem = nodes.machine.config.system.build.toplevel;
otherSystem = nodes.other.config.system.build.toplevel;
@ -27,12 +147,121 @@ import ./make-test-python.nix ({ pkgs, ...} : {
set -o pipefail
exec env -i "$@" | tee /dev/stderr
'';
in ''
in /* python */ ''
def switch_to_specialisation(name, action="test"):
out = machine.succeed(f"${originalSystem}/specialisation/{name}/bin/switch-to-configuration {action} 2>&1")
assert_lacks(out, "switch-to-configuration line") # Perl warnings
return out
def assert_contains(haystack, needle):
if needle not in haystack:
print("The haystack that will cause the following exception is:")
print("---")
print(haystack)
print("---")
raise Exception(f"Expected string '{needle}' was not found")
def assert_lacks(haystack, needle):
if needle in haystack:
print("The haystack that will cause the following exception is:")
print("---")
print(haystack, end="")
print("---")
raise Exception(f"Unexpected string '{needle}' was found")
machine.succeed(
"${stderrRunner} ${originalSystem}/bin/switch-to-configuration test"
)
machine.succeed(
"${stderrRunner} ${otherSystem}/bin/switch-to-configuration test"
)
with subtest("systemd sockets"):
machine.succeed("${originalSystem}/bin/switch-to-configuration test")
# Simple socket is created
out = switch_to_specialisation("simple-socket")
assert_lacks(out, "stopping the following units:")
# not checking for reload because dbus gets reloaded
assert_lacks(out, "restarting the following units:")
assert_lacks(out, "\nstarting the following units:")
assert_contains(out, "the following new units were started: socket-activated.socket\n")
assert_lacks(out, "as well:")
machine.succeed("[ $(stat -c%a /run/test.sock) = 777 ]")
# Changing the socket restarts it
out = switch_to_specialisation("modified-socket")
assert_lacks(out, "stopping the following units:")
#assert_lacks(out, "reloading the following units:")
assert_contains(out, "restarting the following units: socket-activated.socket\n")
assert_lacks(out, "\nstarting the following units:")
assert_lacks(out, "the following new units were started:")
assert_lacks(out, "as well:")
machine.succeed("[ $(stat -c%a /run/test.sock) = 666 ]") # change was applied
# The unit is properly activated when the socket is accessed
if machine.succeed("socat - UNIX-CONNECT:/run/test.sock") != "hello":
raise Exception("Socket was not properly activated")
# Changing the socket restarts it and ignores the active service
out = switch_to_specialisation("simple-socket")
assert_contains(out, "stopping the following units: socket-activated.service\n")
assert_lacks(out, "reloading the following units:")
assert_contains(out, "restarting the following units: socket-activated.socket\n")
assert_lacks(out, "\nstarting the following units:")
assert_lacks(out, "the following new units were started:")
assert_lacks(out, "as well:")
machine.succeed("[ $(stat -c%a /run/test.sock) = 777 ]") # change was applied
# Changing the service does nothing when the service is not active
out = switch_to_specialisation("modified-service")
assert_lacks(out, "stopping the following units:")
assert_lacks(out, "reloading the following units:")
assert_lacks(out, "restarting the following units:")
assert_lacks(out, "\nstarting the following units:")
assert_lacks(out, "the following new units were started:")
assert_lacks(out, "as well:")
# Activating the service and modifying it stops it but leaves the socket untouched
machine.succeed("socat - UNIX-CONNECT:/run/test.sock")
out = switch_to_specialisation("simple-socket")
assert_contains(out, "stopping the following units: socket-activated.service\n")
assert_lacks(out, "reloading the following units:")
assert_lacks(out, "restarting the following units:")
assert_lacks(out, "\nstarting the following units:")
assert_lacks(out, "the following new units were started:")
assert_lacks(out, "as well:")
# Activating the service and both the service and the socket stops the service and restarts the socket
machine.succeed("socat - UNIX-CONNECT:/run/test.sock")
out = switch_to_specialisation("modified-service-and-socket")
assert_contains(out, "stopping the following units: socket-activated.service\n")
assert_lacks(out, "reloading the following units:")
assert_contains(out, "restarting the following units: socket-activated.socket\n")
assert_lacks(out, "\nstarting the following units:")
assert_lacks(out, "the following new units were started:")
assert_lacks(out, "as well:")
with subtest("restart and reload by activation file"):
out = switch_to_specialisation("service-and-socket")
# Switch to a system where the example services get restarted
# by the activation script
out = switch_to_specialisation("restart-and-reload-by-activation-script")
assert_lacks(out, "stopping the following units:")
assert_contains(out, "stopping the following units as well: simple-service.service, socket-activated.service\n")
assert_contains(out, "reloading the following units: simple-reload-service.service\n")
assert_contains(out, "restarting the following units: simple-restart-service.service\n")
assert_contains(out, "\nstarting the following units: simple-service.service")
# The same, but in dry mode
switch_to_specialisation("service-and-socket")
out = switch_to_specialisation("restart-and-reload-by-activation-script", action="dry-activate")
assert_lacks(out, "would stop the following units:")
assert_contains(out, "would stop the following units as well: simple-service.service, socket-activated.service\n")
assert_contains(out, "would reload the following units: simple-reload-service.service\n")
assert_contains(out, "would restart the following units: simple-restart-service.service\n")
assert_contains(out, "\nwould start the following units: simple-service.service")
'';
})

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